Comparação das emissões de CO2 e eficiência potencial entre biodiesel e diesel renovável
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22579/22484817.1055Palavras-chave:
Biomassa, Combustível, Óleo vegetalResumo
O uso de biocombustíveis renováveis tem vantagens importantes, como o aumento da eficiência energética, a diversificação da matriz energética dos países e a redução dos gases de efeito estufa, entre outras. Além disso, os combustíveis fósseis estão a começar a esgotar-se gradualmente. Os biocombustíveis, como o biodiesel e o diesel renovável (também chamado de diesel verde ou óleo vegetal hidro tratado), tornaram-se importantes campos de investigação, pois podem mitigar os danos ambientais sem afetar a qualidade do transporte. Tanto o biodiesel como o gasóleo renovável provêm da mesma biomassa, que pode variar entre óleo vegetal, gorduras animais, óleo de microalgas e óleos alimentares usados. Cada combustível é produzido através de um processo diferente (transesterificação no caso do biodiesel e hidrotratamento no caso do gasóleo renovável). Por esta razão, cada um deles tem propriedades químicas e físicas diferentes que determinam o seu desempenho, incluindo a sua eficiência e emissões de CO2. Esta revisão analisa as matérias-primas de biomassa utilizadas e faz uma comparação entre os processos de transformação, a eficiência e as potenciais emissões de CO2. Por fim, estabelece as vantagens e desvantagens da utilização do biodiesel e do gasóleo renovável.
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