As gerações de vacinas: Caso de vacinas antiparasitárias gastrointestinais utilizadas em Medicina Veterinária
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22579/22484817.879Palavras-chave:
Manejo integrado de parasitas internos, saúde pública, zoonoseResumo
As vacinas são o pilar fundamental da medicina preventiva e a base para possíveis planos de controle e/ou erradicação de doenças, principalmente as infecciosas. Os parasitas internos em animais de produção e de companhia continuam sendo uma das principais ameaças à saúde e bem-estar animal, com implicações econômicas significativas, além de seu impacto na saúde pública global. Seu controle tem sido baseado quase exclusivamente em drogas quimioterápicas, que perderam sua eficácia há vários anos e há exemplos claros de resistência parasitária a elas. Existem poucos exemplos comerciais de vacinas contra parasitas gastrointestinais disponíveis comercialmente para uso na prática da Medicina Veterinária. Esta revisão descreve alguns exemplos comerciais de vacinas antiparasitárias gastrointestinais para formulação na prática médica veterinária, vistas sob a ótica das "gerações de vacinas" e apoiadas por estudos clínicos experimentais de antígenos promissores para o controle profilático de certos agentes parasitários gastrointestinais de interesse. saúde. Até o momento, Barbervax® está disponível com certas limitações comerciais em alguns países europeus e oceânicos e na América do Sul Providean® Hidatil EG95 para uso em ruminantes para o controle de Haemonchus contortus e Echinococcus granulosus, respectivamente; em alguns países da América e África, Cysvax™ está disponível para o controle de Taenia solium em suínos; e no mundo com pouquíssimas limitações, uma série de vacinas comerciais para o controle da coccidose como a Eimeria spp. na avicultura: perus, frangos de corte e galinhas poedeiras (ex: CocciVac®, Immucox®, Paracox®, entre outros). Há a necessidade de ter esses tipos de vacinas em todos os países onde esses parasitas gastrointestinais são endêmicos e assim oferecer opções para o seu controle, portanto, uma série de investimentos econômicos são necessários para apoiar o desenvolvimento técnico-científico em torno do desenvolvimento de novas vacinas eficazes e biológicos seguros (novas gerações de vacinas) para o controle dos parasitas internos mais relevantes em animais de produção e de companhia.
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