Impacto da poluição por antibióticos aquáticos na resistência a Pseudomonas aeruginosa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22579/22484817.1141Palavras-chave:
Ambiente aquático, Genes de resistência, Resistência antimicrobianaResumo
O uso excessivo e indevido de antibióticos tem levado à presença destas substâncias nos recursos hídricos, desencadeando o desenvolvimento de resistência antimicrobiana em bactérias de relevância para a saúde pública, como a Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Este microrganismo patogénico oportunista, reconhecido pela sua resistência intrínseca, pode causar infeções em humanos, animais e plantas. Em todo o mundo, foram detectadas diferentes concentrações de antibióticos em águas doces e, de acordo com as evidências, até mesmo em concentrações subinibitórias. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa é capaz de desenvolver mutações em genes relacionados com porinas, bombas de efluxo e enzimas; Além disso, tem a capacidade de adquirir genes de resistência, gerar células persistentes e formar comunidades altamente organizadas, conhecidas como biofilmes, que funcionam como escudos protetores. Estas resistências, tanto adquiridas como adaptativas, são causadas pela presença de agentes antimicrobianos, pela pressão seletiva exercida e por fatores ambientais. É importante destacar que a adaptação de Pseudomonas aeruginosa à contaminação de água doce com antibióticos é uma questão crucial na monitorização e gestão da contaminação ambiental. Isto é essencial para prevenir a propagação da resistência bacteriana, protegendo tanto a saúde humana como o equilíbrio ambiental.
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