Efeito do enriquecimento ambiental no ganho de peso e na relação homem-animal em bovinos em pastejo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22579/22484817.1142Palavras-chave:
bem-estar, comportamento, gado bovino, enriquecimento, produção extensaResumo
O gado em pastoreio extensivo nos baixos trópicos sobrevive a diferentes limitações nutricionais, de saúde e de bem-estar, que desafiam constantemente a capacidade humana de lhes proporcionar planos de melhoria capazes de gerar adaptabilidade ao contexto produtivo, reduzindo as adversidades de um ambiente ambiental e social. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os tempos de interação e preferência de elementos de enriquecimento ambiental, a relação humano-animal e o ganho de peso de bovinos em pastejo nos baixos trópicos. Para isso foram utilizados 26 bovinos, que pastam em sistemas extensivos naturais, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, o primeiro denominado controle G1C, em que elementos de enriquecimento ambiental eram inexistentes nas áreas de pastagem. Por outro lado, o grupo dois denominado G2EA, que ficou integrado durante uma hora (9h00 às 10h00) num ambiente modificado enriquecido com pneus, escovas comerciais e escovas artesanais. Os animais foram avaliados por 20 horas durante 4 semanas. Nessas observações, os tempos de contato físico e interação com os elementos enriquecidos, a relação humano-animal foram avaliados através de 5 testes de Qualidade de Bem-Estar de abordagem-evitação do medo e ganho de peso durante o teste. Os dados foram analisados com o programa estatístico SAS® Software, versão 9.4. Identificou-se que o enriquecimento ambiental teve efeitos comportamentais significativos em algumas das variáveis analisadas como a relação humano-animal, sendo o grupo G2EA o que apresentou os maiores percentuais de animais que permitiram consolidação positiva. A interação com os elementos de enriquecimento que capturou maior percentual de utilização foi a escova comercial estática. O enriquecimento ambiental confere ao gado deste experimento efeitos benéficos da relação humano-animal, efeitos positivos para ganho de peso. É necessária a realização de mais estudos, com maior número de animais de diferentes faixas etárias e técnicas de produção, testando diferentes ambientes modificados.
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