Colibacilose em galinhas reprodutoras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22579/22484817.717Palavras-chave:
Escherichia coli, salpingite, peritonite, diarréia, prevençãoResumo
Colibacilose em galinhas reprodutoras é causada pela bactéria Gram-negativa, enterobactéria Escherichia coli aviária de alta patogenicidade (APEC), a qual apresenta uma elevada percentagem de polimorfismos e plasticidade em seus genes, as investigações relatam achados macroscópicos comuns: salpingite, peritonite e poliserosite, o que leva à morte do pássaro, três rotas de poluição são definidas, subindo pela cloaca do pássaro, entrada por via respiratória ou por translocação bacteriana do intestino; o diagnóstico de colibacilose é feito a partir da história do galinheiro, realizando necropsias e tomando amostras de cotonetes ou tecido de órgão, como oviduto, pulmão, coração ou outros órgãos afetados, que são levados para meios como McConkey, eosina-metileno azul ou agar drigalki para seu isolamento, como testes específicos para Esceherichia coli são conhecidos métodos baseados em fenótipos como sorotipo O/H imunológico, tipagem de bacteriófagos, eletroforese com enzimas multilocus, dessorção/ionização laser assistido por matriz (MALDI-TOF) e métodos baseados em genótipos como o polimorfismo de comprimento de restrição (RFLP), ensaio de suspensão baseado em Liminex, polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmento amplificado (AFLP) e mapeamento óptico. As vacinas para esta bactéria não foram desenvolvidas à perfeição porque apresentam uma resposta imune aos seus homólogos, mas nenhuma resistência a desafios com heterólogos, ainda está sob investigação o desenvolvimento de vacinas que podem responder a vários sorotipos da bactéria, por agora a maneira eficaz de controlar a bactéria é a partir de protocolos de biossegurança e prevenção para manter a saúde da fazenda.
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