Measuring Third-Mission efficiency in Mexico’s Public State Universities: a DEA and super-efficiency approachefficiency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22579/23463910.1260Keywords:
Data envelopment analysis (DEA), Super-efficiency, Third Mission (higher education), Performance evaluation, University entrepreneurship, Innovation, Social engagementAbstract
Problematic. Efficiency assessments in Mexican higher education have focused largely on First- and Second-Mission indicators (teaching and research). Prior DEA-based analyses of Public State Universities (UPES) addressed Third-Mission performance but could not produce a complete ranking of development objectives. Objective. To estimate Third-Mission efficiency among UPES and generate a discriminating ranking using Data Envelopment Analysis augmented with super-efficiency. Materials and Methods. We specified three models entrepreneurship, innovation, and social commitment—and applied them to twenty-one UPES in Mexico. Efficiency scores were obtained via DEA with super-efficiency to enhance discrimination among decision-making units. Results. Overall, 52% of UPES were efficient in the combined inputs-and outputs specification. In disaggregated analyses, the innovation model exhibited the strongest performance, while entrepreneurship and social commitment yielded comparable efficiency patterns. Discussion. Super-efficiency improves DEA’s discriminatory power and supports a practical ranking of UPES in Third-Mission activities; nonetheless, it clusters institutions with similar scores rather than fully ordering all units. Conclusions. Despite limited quantitative data on Third-Mission activities, UPES show efficiency gains and scope for further improvement. The study contributes empirical evidence on Third-Mission efficiency in Mexico’s state university system. Contribution / Originality. This article is one of the first to use the supper efficiency technique as a reinforcement method in Higher Education in Mexico to measure its efficiency.
References
Adler, N., & Yazhemsky, E. (2024). Improving discrimination in Data Envelopment Analysis: PCA-DEA versus Variable Reduction. Working Paper, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Andersen P. y Petersen, N. (1993). A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment análisis. Management Science, 39 (10), 1261-1264. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2632964?seq=1
Arana-Jiménez, M., Sánchez-Gil, M. C., Younesi, A. & Lozano-Ramírez, J. (2024). An enhanced hybrid interval slacks-based DEA model with super-efficiency. Computational and Applied Mathematics, 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40314-024-03007-8
Asís Diez, F. y Martín, F. D.A. (2007). Análisis de eficiencia de los departamentos universitarios. El caso de la Universidad de Sevilla. https://books.google.com.mx/booksid=Iw2As3DTjmsC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=supereficiencia+dea&source=bl&ots=ImBFi9E-02F&sig=ACfU3U2q0fwQN3MKLWzI_wTJyZaB3abHKA&hl=es-419&sa=X&-ved=2ahUKEwjMucb3oToAhVMV6wKHbazCvAQ6AEwB3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=supereficiencia%20dea&f=false
Babazadeh, E. y Pourmahmoud, J. (2018). A novel radial super-efficiency DEA model handling negative data. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Studies, 5 (1), 46-65. https://jiems.icms.ac.ir/article_66504_8bb6f0bb507b0876088cc529494ab9de.pdf
Bolós, V. J., Benítez, R., y Coll-Serrano, V. (2023). Continuous models combining slacks-based measures of efficiency and super-efficiency. Central European Journal of Operations Research, 31(2),363–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1010002200813-5
Cáceres, H. Kristjanpoller, W., & Tabilo, J. (2014). Análisis de la eficiencia técnica y su relación con los resultados de la evaluación de desempeño en una Universidad chilena. INNOVAR, Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales, 24(54),199-217. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0121-50512014000400014&script=sci_arttext
Cadavid, D. V., Mendoza, A. M., & Rodríguez, E. C. (2016). Eficiencia en las instituciones de educación superior públicas colombianas: una aplicación del análisis envolvente de datos. Civilizar, 16(30), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.22518/16578953.537
Dalili Yazdi, H., Movahedi Sobhani, F., Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F., & Kazemipoor, H. (2023). A novel algorithm for complete ranking of DMUs dealing with negative data using Data Envelopment Analysis and Principal Component Analysis: Pharmaceutical companies and another practical example. PLOS ONE, 18(9), e0290610. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290610
Frías, R. (2016). Ordenación de unidades operativas (DMUs) eficientes usando el Valor de Shapley. [Tesis de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla]. https://biblus.us.es/bibing/proyectos/abreproy/30275/fichero/Ordenaci%C3%B3n+de+unidades+operativas+%28DMUs%2+eficientes+usando+el+Valor+de+Shapley_Final.pdf
González, C. M. y Vázquez R, M.A. (2020). Medición de la tercera misión en las universidades públicas estatales en México por medio del análisis envolvente de datos. Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo, 11(21), e054. https://doi.org/10.23913/ride.v11i21.793
Gutiérrez, D.A.O. (2021). Análisis Envolvente de Datos para medir la eficiencia del sector hotelero de la ciudad de Cuenca en los años 2017 y 2018 [Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad de Cuenca] http://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/36271/1/Trabajo%20de%20Titulaci%C3%B3n.pdf
Hosseinzadeh, F., Jahanshahloo, F., Khodabakhshi, M., Rostamy-Malkhlifeh, M., Moghaddas, Z. y Vaez-Ghasemi (2013). A Review of Ranking Models in Data Envelopment Analysis. Journal of Applied Mathematics, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/492421
Iñiguez, P. A., Gallardo, J. M., Arburua, M., & Pagano, P. (2022). Multi-stage variable selection method for efficiency evaluation with DEA models and panel data. Investigación Operativa / Operations Research, 38(3).
Mancebón, M. J. (1996). La evaluación de la eficiencia en los centros educativos públicos. [Tesis Doctoral, no publicada]. Universidad de Zaragoza. Consejería de Educación y Ciencia. España.
Martínez, F., Gómez J.C., Pérez, M.C. y Gómez, J. (2012). Comparación de rankings de eficiencia mediante análisis de componentes principales y DEA. Estadística Española, 54(178),357-373. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maria_Perez-Carceles/publication/312219606_Compar a c i o n _ d e _ r a n k i n g s _de_eficiencia_mediante_analisis_de_componentes_principales_y_DEA/links/5877568608aebf17d3bb864c/Comparacion-de-rankings-de-eficiencia-mediante-analisis-de-componentes-principales-y-DEA.pdf
Minh, N.K. Van Khanh, P. y Tuan, P. (2012). A new approach for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis and application to a sample of Vietnamese agricultural bank branches. American Journal of Operations Research,2,126-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajor.2012.21015
Plá-Ferrando, L., Casasus, T y Pérez, J.C. (2014). Preferencias entre unidades eficientes. Una aplicación de supereficiencia fuzzy basada en niveles de exigencia. Revista Electrónica y Trabajos de ASEPUMA. Recto@, 15, 25-38. http://www.revistarecta.com/articulos/Recta.Vol15.N1.03.pdf
Rescala, C., Devincenzi, G., Rohde, G., Bonaffini, M. y Pavón, M. (2012). Dos modelos para determinar la eficiencia de una empresa constructora. TRIM: revista de investigación multidisciplinar,5, 21-38. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulocodigo=4761085
Sánchez-Barrioluengo, M. & Benneworth, P. (2019). The University Third Mission: A Systematic Literature Review. European Planning Studies, 27(9), 1819–1835.
Sánchez-Gooding, S. y Rodríguez-Lozano, G. (2016). Indicadores de eficiencia relativa del proceso de gestión de crédito en un banco colombiano, mediante análisis envolvente de datos (DEA). Cuadernos de Contabilidad, 17(43). 13-41. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cc17-43.ierp.
Solana-Ibáñez, J. (2011). Obtención de un ranking de unidades productivas a través del análisis envolvente de datos. INNOVAR. Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales. 21(39),23-38. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/818/81819029003.pdf
Tavassoli, M., Fathi, A. y Farzipoor, R. (2021). Developing a new super-efficiency DEA model in the presence of both zero data and stochastic data: a case study in the Iranian airline industry. Benchmarking: an-International Journal, 28(1), 42-65. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-01-2020-0044
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México [UNAM] (2017). Estudio Comparativo de las Universidades Mexicanas. En Explorador de Datos UNAM. 4 de diciembre de 2018, http://www.execum.unam.mx/
Wilson, P. (1995). Protecting influential observations in Data Envelopment Analysis. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 4. 27-45. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01073493
Xie, Q., Li, R., Zou, Y., Liu, Y., & Wang, X. (2022). A two-stage method for improving discrimination and variable selection in DEA models. IMA Journal of Management Mathematics, 33(3),511–529.
Zimková, E. (2015). Technical Efficiency and Super- Efficiency of the Insurance sector in Slovakia. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 63, (6), 2205-2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563062205
Zomer, A. y Benneworth, P. (2011). The Rise of the University’s Third Mission. In J. Enders, H. de Boer & D. F. Westerheijden (Eds.), Reform of Higher Education in Europe (pp. 81–101). Sense Publishers
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Maribel González-Cadena, Angélica María Vázquez-Rojas, Víctor Hugo Guadarrama-Atrizco

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The author must review the editorial policy of the GEON Journal.
To increase their visibility, documents are sent to databases and indexing systems.
The content of the articles is the responsibility of each author and does not compromise, in any way, the magazine or the institution.